
Why Is the Digital Twin of an Oil Refinery the Most Complex AI System You Will Ever Build?
Building a digital twin of an oil refinery isn't a platform-selection problem — it's a physics, data, and integration problem stacked seven layers deep. From thermodynamics and sensor fusion to safety-critical control system integration, each layer depends on the one beneath it, and most failed projects trace back to programme design, not technology choice. This piece breaks down what actually makes refinery digital twins so hard to get right, with real deployment data from Cosmo Oil and Dangote showing what a well-scoped project looks like in practice.










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